{"id":46576,"date":"2020-01-03T10:54:11","date_gmt":"2020-01-03T15:54:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ccbc.com\/?p=46576"},"modified":"2020-01-03T13:42:54","modified_gmt":"2020-01-03T18:42:54","slug":"china-introduces-more-stringent-environmental-laws-and-regulations","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ccbc.com\/fr\/ccbc-policy-reports\/china-introduces-more-stringent-environmental-laws-and-regulations\/","title":{"rendered":"China Introduces More Stringent Environmental Laws and Regulations"},"content":{"rendered":"[et_pb_section bb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb specialty=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.0.8&Prime; background_image=\u00a0\u00bbhttps:\/\/ccbc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/education-header.jpg\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb||75px|\u00a0\u00bb next_background_color=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(58,88,114,0.12)\u00a0\u00bb inner_max_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb disabled_on=\u00a0\u00bbon|on|off\u00a0\u00bb disabled=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb40px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb500&Prime;][et_pb_fullwidth_post_title _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.0.8&Prime; 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z_index_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb500&Prime;]\n<div class=\"entry-meta\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->        <center><span style=\"color: #ffffff;\"><span class=\"author\">By Wilson Yu Wen<\/span><\/span><\/center><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><\/div>\n[\/et_pb_fullwidth_code][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; prev_background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb next_background_color=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.12)\u00a0\u00bb inner_max_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.0.8&Prime; background_color=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(58,88,114,0.12)\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb40px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb500&Prime;][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb3_4&Prime; custom_padding__hover=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_text admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbArticle\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.0.9&Prime; 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header_4_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bbheader_4_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; header_4_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; header_5_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; header_5_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bbheader_5_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb40px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb500&Prime;]\n<h2><span style=\"color: #2e586a;\">Executive Summary<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>This report looks into two Chinese environmental laws introduced in recent years \u2013 the<em> Revised Environmental Protection Law and Environmental Protection Tax Law<\/em> \u2013 which have introduced a number of regulatory changes, including:<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Imposing a stringent requirement that all enterprises \u2013 both domestic and foreign ones \u2013 should undergo an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) approval process before business commencement.<\/li>\n<li>Introducing both an emission quota system and a pollution administrative system to regulate water, air and soil pollution emitted by companies.<\/li>\n<li>Strengthening legal enforcement mechanisms and imposing measures such as business license suspension, ongoing fines, detention and criminal charges on those who violate environmental laws.<\/li>\n<li>Introducing the environmental tax system.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The primary regulators are the Ministry of Ecology and Environment (\u751f\u6001\u73af\u5883\u90e8) <a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\"><sup>Note 1<\/sup><\/a> and its affiliated environmental departments at county, municipal and provincial levels (\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u90e8\u4ee5\u53ca\u53bf,\u5e02,\u7701\u7ea7\u4e0b\u5c5e\u90e8\u95e8). They are responsible for supervising the EIA approval process and implementing enforcement measures such as shutting down facilities and equipment and imposing continuous fines. Police departments (\u5404\u7ea7\u516c\u5b89\u90e8\u95e8) and people\u2019s courts (\u5404\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u6cd5\u9662) at varying levels will also be responsible for enforcing legal measures such as detention and criminal charges. As will be further discussed, these increasingly stringent environmental laws and regulations could present both opportunities and challenges to Canadian business and investors.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #2e586a;\"><strong>Background<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>In 2014, China, a country that has endured decades of environmental degradation and pollution, declared a \u201cwar on pollution\u201d and sought to begin the transition to a more environmentally sustainable economy.<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a> The country has since introduced a series of more stringent environmental laws and regulations in order to hold heavily polluted manufacturers accountable and to restore the quality of its water, air and soil.<a href=\"#_ftn3\" name=\"_ftnref3\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> Two of the most notable regulatory changes to support this shift are the <em>Revised Environmental Protection Law<\/em> (REPL) and <em>Environmental Tax Law<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4>\u00a0<\/h4>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #2e586a;\"><strong>What regulatory changes have been made?<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Revised Environmental Protection Law<\/em> (REPL)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The <em>Environmental Protection Law<\/em> was virtually unchanged from its introduction in 1989 until its amendment on April 24, 2014. The amended law, which came into force on January 1, 2015, <a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> introduced a series of significant changes to impose much more stringent regulatory restrictions and supervision on both foreign and domestic businesses.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>First, as compared to previous environmental laws and regulations, the REPL applies the \u201cEnvironmental Impact Assessment (\u9879\u76ee\u73af\u5883\u5f71\u54cd\u8bc4\u4ef7)\u201d (EIA) approval process <a href=\"#_ftn44\" name=\"_ftnref44\"><sup>Note 2<\/sup><\/a> in a much more rigorous and extensive manner. <a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a> In the original <em>Environmental Protection Law<\/em>, projects requiring an EIA process were limited to those that might cause pollution, <a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\"><sup>[5]<\/sup> <\/a>and projects that failed to undergo the EIA process were penalized with very small fines. <a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a> In contrast, the REPL \u2013 particularly Article 19 \u2013 requires that any project that has potential environmental impacts, including those at the planning stage, must undergo an EIA process. <a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a> The REPL has also increased the penalties for companies that fail to complete an EIA. Under this new law, any non-compliance with the EIA requirement will be punished with a \u201ccease construction order, a significant daily penalty, and an order to restore the property to its original state.\u201d <a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-46626 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/ccbc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_579874519-e1576770958310.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"300\" \/>Second, the REPL has introduced two important mechanisms to contain air, water and soil pollution. The first mechanism is a strict emission quota system on key pollutants, under which the State Council (\u56fd\u52a1\u9662) and governments at varying levels (\u5404\u53bf\uff0c\u533a\uff0c\u5e02\uff0c\u7701\u7ea7\u4eba\u6c11\u653f\u5e9c) will assign pollutant discharge quotas to each business enterprise. In regions where pollutant emissions exceed the quotas, as noted by Article 44, environmental departments at or above the provincial level are required to suspend the EIA approval process for any projects that are likely to \u201cincrease [\u2026] total key pollutants emission in the region.\u201d <a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a> Put differently, in these regions, no new project that has environmental impacts will be allowed to operate. The second mechanism is the pollution administrative permit system, which is supervised by Ministry of Environmental Protection and its affiliated departments at varying sub-national levels. According to Article 45, only those who have pollutant discharge permits are allowed to dispose their pollutants in accordance with the requirements of the permits. <a href=\"#_ftn11\" name=\"_ftnref11\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/a> Third, the REPL has established a stringent legal enforcement mechanism to hold violators accountable. In particular, articles 57 and 58 of the REPL confer the rights on the part of individuals and NGOs to initiate public interest lawsuits against business activities that are detrimental to the environment. <a href=\"#_ftn12\" name=\"_ftnref12\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Finally, the REPL has introduced a series of strict punishment measures on violators of environmental laws. In addition to the penalties already noted for acts of non-compliance with the EIA requirement, the REPL stipulates that any violations of environmental laws and regulations \u2013 including excessive pollution and emissions \u2013 could lead to the shutdown\/suspension of facilities and business operations, continuous fines without limits, detentions of five to 15 days, and criminal charges. <sup><a href=\"#_ftn13\" name=\"_ftnref13\">[12]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Environmental Protection Tax Law<\/em>(EPT)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The EPT was adopted by the Standing Committee of National People\u2019s Congress (\u5168\u56fd\u4eba\u6c11\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u4f1a\u5e38\u52a1\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a) on December 25, 2016, <a href=\"#_ftn14\" name=\"_ftnref14\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/a> and it officially entered into force on January 1, 2018. <a href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\"><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/a> In essence, EPT formally replaces China\u2019s decades-long pollution discharge fee collection system with an environmental tax system. <a href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\"><sup>[15]<\/sup><\/a> The key difference between these two systems is that while business enterprises were often exempted from their fee payment obligations under the old system, they can no longer do so under the new tax system. <a href=\"#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\"><sup>[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>This law provides a list of taxable pollutants (including those related to air, water, solid waste and noise), and it identifies taxpayers as those \u201cwho discharge taxable pollutants directly into the environment.\u201d <a href=\"#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\"><sup>[17]<\/sup><\/a> The EPT also outlines how environmental tax will be calculated. <a href=\"#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\"><sup>[18]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Article 14 of the EPT clarifies that the new environmental tax system is regulated by Chinese tax authorities \u2013 particularly the State Administration of Taxation (\u56fd\u5bb6\u7a0e\u52a1\u603b\u5c40) \u2013 and its affiliated taxation bureaus at provincial, municipal and county levels who are responsible for collecting the tax. The same article also states that Ministry of Environmental Protection and its associated environmental departments at lower levels are responsible for \u201cmonitoring and managing pollutant emissions.\u201d <a href=\"#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\"><sup>[19]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The EPT outlines policies regarding environmental tax exemption. Tax exemption policies apply to cases where emissions are caused by agricultural production, motor vehicles and by facilities that are established to dispose of sewage and domestic waste. <a href=\"#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\"><sup>[20]<\/sup><\/a> The EPT offers tax incentives to encourage emission reduction, allowing for a 25% reduction of environmental tax in cases where \u201cthe density of the discharged air pollutants or water pollutants is lower than 30% of national and local pollutant emission standards.\u201d <a href=\"#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\"><sup>[21]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h4><span style=\"color: #2e586a;\"><strong>What do these regulatory changes mean for Canadian businesses?<\/strong><\/span><\/h4>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Opportunities for Canadian Cleantech Companies:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The REPL and EPT clearly signal that China is transitioning to a more environmentally sustainable economy \u2013one whose development relies more on clean and innovative technologies than on traditional labour-intensive and heavily polluting manufacturing industries. As the following examples show, this offers opportunities in the clean-tech sector:<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Renewable Energy:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>China is the fastest-growing renewable energy market in the world. In 2014, renewable energy investment in China totalled US$89.5 billion, accounting for 29% of global renewable energy investment. <a href=\"#_ftn23\" name=\"_ftnref23\"><sup>[22]<\/sup><\/a> In 2017, this figure rose to US$126.6 billion, accounting for 45% of global renewable energy investment. <a href=\"#_ftn24\" name=\"_ftnref24\"><sup>[23]<\/sup><\/a> China has announced that by 2020 its renewable energy investment will reach US$360 billion. <a href=\"#_ftn25\" name=\"_ftnref25\"><sup>[24]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Such rapid development of China\u2019s renewable energy sector reflects the Chinese government\u2019s prioritization of this sector as the key to future economic development. In 2016, China announced that from 2015 to 2030, the share of non-fossil fuels used in primary energy consumption should increase from 11.4 percent to 20 percent<a href=\"#_ftn26\" name=\"_ftnref26\"><sup>[25]<\/sup><\/a> and that by 2050, non-fossil fuels should account for 50% of primary energy consumption. <a href=\"#_ftn27\" name=\"_ftnref27\"><sup>[26]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-44042 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/ccbc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/shutterstock_750610873.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"286\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ccbc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/shutterstock_750610873.jpg 600w, https:\/\/ccbc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/06\/shutterstock_750610873-300x191.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 450px) 100vw, 450px\" \/>China plans to invite foreign investment to further develop its renewable energy sector. On February 1, 2019, the National Development and Reform Commission (\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0e\u6539\u9769\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a) proposed the <em>Draft List of Encouraged Industries for Foreign Investment<em>, <\/em><\/em>encouraging foreign businesses to invest in developing wind, solar, biofuel and hydropower plant projects and facilities. <a href=\"#_ftn28\" name=\"_ftnref28\"><sup>[27]<\/sup><\/a> Despite that it is not yet in effect, this proposed regulatory change means that foreign companies will likely obtain favourable government support when entering China\u2019s renewable energy industries. Following the release of this list, on March 25, 2019, China\u2019s state-owned enterprise China Energy Investment signed a deal with \u00c9lectricit\u00e9 de France Group to jointly develop an offshore wind plant project in China\u2019s Jiangsu Province. This <br \/>is the first time that China\u2019s wind market has been open to <br \/>foreign investment. <a href=\"#_ftn29\" name=\"_ftnref29\"><sup>[28]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Green Building:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>By 2017, China was the largest and fastest-growing building construction market in the world, <a href=\"#_ftn30\" name=\"_ftnref30\"><sup>[29]<\/sup><\/a> and it is is estimated that in the next 10 years, China will account for \u201cnearly half of new construction globally.\u201d <a href=\"#_ftn31\" name=\"_ftnref31\"><sup>[30]<\/sup><\/a> The National Statistics Bureau (\u56fd\u5bb6\u7edf\u8ba1\u5c40) estimates that by 2020, the total market size of China\u2019s building construction market will reach 25 trillion RMB<sup>[31]<\/sup>. This huge market potential will also mean broad business opportunities in the green building sector, given that Chinese government authorities have set up ambitious targets for building construction (i.e., buildings whose design, construction or operation minimize the use of natural resources and reduce negative environmental impacts<a href=\"#_ftn33\" name=\"_ftnref33\"><sup>[32]<\/sup><\/a>). In its <em>13th Five Year Plan for Building Energy Efficiency and Green Building Development<\/em>, China planned that by 2020, 50% of its new urban construction buildings would be green buildings. <a href=\"#_ftn34\" name=\"_ftnref34\"><sup>[33]<\/sup><\/a> Under the guidance of this plan, many of the government agencies at municipal levels \u2013 most notably Wuxi, Suzhou, Beijing, Shanghai and Shenzhen \u2013 have required that all new commercial buildings be green buildings, while more than 90% of China\u2019s commercial building owners have also pledged to \u201chave at least one net or near-zero energy building in the next ten years.\u201d <a href=\"#_ftn35\" name=\"_ftnref35\"><sup>[34]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Despite the government\u2019s ambitious green building plan, however, China\u2019s green building industry remains young. By the end of 2016, \u201conly 29 percent of new construction in China met the green building standards,\u201d <a href=\"#_ftn36\" name=\"_ftnre36f\"><sup>[35]<\/sup><\/a> and by 2018, only roughly 35% of building constructors in mainland China engaged in certain level of green building activities. <a href=\"#_ftn37\" name=\"_ftnref37\"><sup>[36]<\/sup><\/a> Given China\u2019s green building ambition, and the lack of maturity of its green building sector, there is no doubt that foreign clean-tech companies \u2013 which possess advanced green building technologies and expertise \u2013 can play important roles in developing this emerging sector.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-46629 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/ccbc.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/12\/shutterstock_780856924-scaled-e1576770963811.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"246\" \/>Recognizing the importance of foreign expertise, China has encouraged foreign businesses and investors to participate in green building projects. For example, the US-China CERC Building Energy Efficiency consortium, which is a collaborative partnership between \u201cleading U.S. and China researchers at national laboratories, research institutes, universities and 48 industry partners,\u201d <a href=\"#_ftn38\" name=\"_ftnref38\"><sup>[37]<\/sup><\/a> has promoted green building innovation and commercialization in China. The aforementioned <em>Draft List of Encouraged Industries for Foreign Investment <\/em>also encourages foreign investment in the area of green building innovation and commercialization. <a href=\"#_ftn39\" name=\"_ftnref39\"><sup>[38]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Challenges:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For companies operating in the natural resource (e.g., oil, gas and mining) or heavy manufacturing sector, RPEL and EPT will probably give rise to serious challenges and concerns. Indeed, one of the most serious challenges is the potential regulatory burden increase that could make the country less attractive for foreign mining companies. According to the 2016 Mining Survey of the Fraser Institute, China is one of the most attractive destinations in Asia for foreign mining companies, <a href=\"#_ftn40\" name=\"_ftnref40\"><sup>[39]<\/sup><\/a>partly due to the fact that China\u2019s taxation regime in the mining sector has been relatively low compared to other Asian jurisdictions. <a href=\"#_ftn41\" name=\"_ftnref41\"><sup>[40]<\/sup><\/a> However, with the imposition of the new environmental tax under the EPT, it will be likely to become more challenging for foreign mining companies to manage their tax burden when operating in China.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Furthermore, the fact that government authorities often arbitrarily punish business operations exacerbates regulatory burdens on foreign enterprises active in the heavily polluting natural resource extraction and manufacturing sectors. The European Chamber of Commerce reports that since meeting emission targets is a criterion for evaluating officials\u2019 performance, local governments have even shut down compliant manufacturers \u201cwithout warning in order to meet targets.\u201d <a href=\"#_ftn42\" name=\"_ftnref42\"><sup>[41]<\/sup><\/a> The US-China Business Council further reports that: \u201cA lack of manpower and a desire to impress higher officials has led to situations where some foreign companies felt they were being targeted unfairly on environmental compliance.\u201d <a href=\"#_ftn43\" name=\"_ftnref43\"><sup>[43]<\/sup><\/a>The increasingly stringent environmental regulations, paired with the arbitrary penalization by government authorities, has made it challenging for foreign companies involved in resource exploitation and heavy manufacturing to survive in China.<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #2e586a;\"><strong>Conclusion: What is the next step?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>The impact of the REPL and the EPT will includes both market opportunities as well as serious challenges to Canadian businesses and investors. To better understand the impact of these regulatory changes, we recommend that Canadian businesses and entrepreneurs:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Consult with a law firm to understand the potential cost of compliance with new Chinese environmental laws\/regulations\/policies.<\/li>\n<li>Attend public conferences organized or sponsored by Chinese government authorities, especially the Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of Environmental Protection. These conferences disseminate government policy updates and often aim to promote clean-tech development. For example, two clean-tech conferences were hosted in June 2019: \u201cFuture Energy Conference (\u672a\u6765\u80fd\u6e90\u5927\u4f1a\u66a8\u7b2c\u5341\u4e94\u5c4a\u4e2d\u56fd\u80fd\u6e90\u6218\u7565\u6295\u8d44\u8bba\u575b)\u201d and \u201cGuangzhou International Environmental Protection Industry Expo (\u5e7f\u5dde\u56fd\u9645\u73af\u4fdd\u5c55)\u201d. Attending these conferences and engaging in discussions with government authorities can be a useful way to understand how China is going to enforce environmental protection and identify opportunities for entering the market.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\">July 3, 2019<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_4&Prime; custom_padding__hover=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; prev_background_color=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(58,88,114,0.12)\u00a0\u00bb next_background_color=\u00a0\u00bb#ffffff\u00a0\u00bb inner_max_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.0.9&Prime; background_color=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.12)\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb40px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb500&Prime;][et_pb_row _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb4.0.9&Prime; 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header_5_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; header_6_text_shadow_horizontal_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length=\u00a0\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; header_6_text_shadow_vertical_length_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength=\u00a0\u00bbheader_6_text_shadow_style,%91object Object%93&Prime; header_6_text_shadow_blur_strength_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb1px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_horizontal_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_vertical_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_blur_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb40px\u00a0\u00bb box_shadow_spread_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb0px\u00a0\u00bb z_index_tablet=\u00a0\u00bb500&Prime;]\n<p><span style=\"color: #2e586a;\"><strong>Notes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\"><sup>Note 1<\/sup><\/a> <\/span>Both the <em>Revised Environmental Protection Law and Environmental Protection Tax Law<\/em> were introduced before the renaming of \u201cMinistry of Environmental Protection\u201d (In 2018, this Ministry was renamed as \u201cMinistry of Ecology and Environment\u201d). Thus, in this report, \u201cMinistry of Environmental Protection\u201d and \u201cMinistry of Ecology and Environment\u201d are interchangeable terms.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\"><sup>Note 2:<\/sup><\/a> <\/span>The EIA approval process involves the Ministry of Environmental Protection and its sub-national-level environmental departments examining and determining whether businesses comply with the government-set emission standards. Only those business projects that comply with the standards will obtain EIA approval and can begin operating. With regard to the actual detail of how the EIA approval process operates, please refer to <em>Environmental Impact Assessment Law<\/em>, which was originally introduced in 2002 and amended in 2016.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #2e586a;\"><strong>References:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\"><sup>[1]<\/sup><\/a>USCBC, <a href=\"www.uschina.org\/reports\/environmental-compliance-us-companies-china\">Environmental Compliance for US Companies in China: Challenges and Best Practices<\/a>, March 2019, p.3.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\"><sup>[2]<\/sup><\/a> USCBC, \u201cEnvironmental Compliance for US Companies in China: Challenges and Best Practices\u201d, March 2019, p. 3, www.uschina.org\/reports\/environmental-compliance-us-companies-china<\/span><\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\"><sup>[3]<\/sup><\/a> Wolters Kluwer,<a href=\"http:\/\/lawv3.wkinfo.com.cn\/topic\/61000000386\/1.HTML\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5173\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7acb\u6cd5<\/a>.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\"><sup>[4]<\/sup><\/a> USCBC, <a href=\"&quot;www.uschina.org\/reports\/china-business-environment-april-22-2016\">USCBC Administrative Licensing Report 2016<\/a>, April 2016, p.3.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\"><sup>[5]<\/sup><\/a> Wolters Kluwer,<a href=\"http:\/\/lawv3.wkinfo.com.cn\/topic\/61000000386\/1.HTML\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5173\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7acb\u6cd5<\/a>.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\"><sup>[6]<\/sup><\/a> USCBC, <a href=\"&quot;www.uschina.org\/reports\/china-business-environment-april-22-2016\">USCBC Administrative Licensing Report 2016<\/a>, April 2016, p.3.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\"><sup>[7]<\/sup><\/a> Wolters Kluwer,<a href=\"http:\/\/lawv3.wkinfo.com.cn\/topic\/61000000386\/1.HTML\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5173\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7acb\u6cd5<\/a>.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\"><sup>[8]<\/sup><\/a> USCBC, <a href=\"&quot;www.uschina.org\/reports\/china-business-environment-april-22-2016\">USCBC Administrative Licensing Report 2016<\/a>, April 2016, p.3.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\"><sup>[9]<\/sup><\/a>Language Tips, <a href=\"http:\/\/language.chinadaily.com.cn\/trans\/2014-05\/20\/content_17522868_4.htm\">Chapter IV Prevention and Control of Pollution and Other Public Hazards<\/a>, May 20, 2014.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\"><sup>[10]<\/sup><\/a>Language Tips, <a href=\"http:\/\/language.chinadaily.com.cn\/trans\/2014-05\/20\/content_17522868_4.htm\">Chapter IV Prevention and Control of Pollution and Other Public Hazards<\/a>, May 20, 2014.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\"><sup>[11]<\/sup><\/a>Lexology,<a href=\"www.lexology.com\/library\/detail.aspx?g=2f8f039f-5407-4b79-a914-0ac4f14d2895\">\u300a\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u6cd5\u300b 2015\u5e74\u6700\u65b0\u4fee\u8ba2\u6982\u89c8<\/a>, December 2014.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\"><sup>[12]<\/sup><\/a> Wolters Kluwer,<a href=\"http:\/\/lawv3.wkinfo.com.cn\/topic\/61000000386\/1.HTML\">\u4e2d\u56fd\u5173\u4e8e\u73af\u5883\u4fdd\u62a4\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u7acb\u6cd5<\/a>.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\"><sup>[13]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"www.npc.gov.cn\/npc\/xinwen\/2016-12\/25\/content_2004993.htm\">The National People\u2019s Congress of the People&rsquo;s Republic of China<\/a>.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\"><sup>[14]<\/sup><\/a> Xinhua Net, <a href=\"&quot;www.xinhuanet.com\/english\/2018-04\/04\/c_137088134.htm\">China Focus: Chinese Polluters Start to Pay Environmental Tax<\/a>, April 4, 2018.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\"><sup>[15]<\/sup><\/a> China Law Insight, <a href=\"www.chinalawinsight.com\/2017\/12\/articles\/tax\/\u73af\u4fdd\u7a0e\u5373\u5c06\u5f00\u5f81%ef%bc%8c\u4f60\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\u5417%ef%bc%9f\/\">\u73af\u4fdd\u7a0e\u5373\u5c06\u5f00\u5f81\uff0c\u4f60\u51c6\u5907\u597d\u4e86\u5417\uff1f<\/a>, December 27, 2017.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\"><sup>[16]<\/sup><\/a> Chinadialogue, <a href=\"www.chinadialogue.net\/article\/show\/single\/ch\/10272-China-cleans-up-its-act-on-environmental-enforcement\">China cleans up its act on environmental enforcement<\/a>, June 12, 2017.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\"><sup>[17]<\/sup><\/a> Lexology, <a href=\"www.lexology.com\/library\/detail.aspx?g=edb963fb-3c1e-4684-8e47-8986ba9e6e07\">Environmental protection tax law finally passed<\/a>.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\"><sup>[18]<\/sup><\/a> Lexology, <a href=\"www.lexology.com\/library\/detail.aspx?g=edb963fb-3c1e-4684-8e47-8986ba9e6e07\">Environmental protection tax law finally passed<\/a>.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\"><sup>[19]<\/sup><\/a> Lexology, <a href=\"www.lexology.com\/library\/detail.aspx?g=edb963fb-3c1e-4684-8e47-8986ba9e6e07\">Environmental protection tax law finally passed<\/a>.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\"><sup>[20]<\/sup><\/a> Lexology, <a href=\"www.lexology.com\/library\/detail.aspx?g=edb963fb-3c1e-4684-8e47-8986ba9e6e07\">Environmental protection tax law finally passed<\/a>.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\"><sup>[21]<\/sup><\/a> China Briefing, <a href=\" www.china-briefing.com\/news\/china-environmental-protection-tax\/ \">China\u2019s Environmental Protection Tax<\/a>, January 18, 2018.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\"><sup>[22]<\/sup><\/a> Deloitte, <a href=\"www2.deloitte.com\/content\/dam\/Deloitte\/cn\/Documents\/technology-media-telecommunications\/deloitte-cn-tmt-2015-clean-tech-zh-151130.pdf\">2015\u6e05\u6d01\u80fd\u6e90\u884c\u4e1a\u62a5\u544a\uff1a\u8fc8\u5411\u65b0\u4e3b\u6d41<\/a>, December 2015, p. 3.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\"><sup>[23]<\/sup><\/a> UN Environment, the Frankfurt School-UNEP Collaborating Centre, <a href=\"https:\/\/cleanenergysolutions.org\/sites\/default\/files\/documents\/christine-2018_e_short.pdf\">Global Trends In Renewable Energy Investment 2018<\/a>, June 25, 2018, p. 11.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\"><sup>[24]<\/sup><\/a> Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, <a href=\"www.asiapacific.ca\/blog\/chinas-clean-tech-commitment\">China\u2019s Clean Tech Commitment<\/a>, May 29, 2018.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\"><sup>[25]<\/sup><\/a> Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, <a href=\"www.asiapacific.ca\/blog\/chinas-clean-tech-commitment\">China\u2019s Clean Tech Commitment<\/a>, May 29, 2018.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\"><sup>[26]<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"www.gov.cn\/xinwen\/2017-04\/25\/5230568\/files\/286514af354e41578c57ca38d5c4935b.pdf\">\u80fd\u6e90\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u9769\u547d\u6218\u7565\uff082016-2030\uff09<\/a>, p. 9.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\"><sup>[27]<\/sup><\/a> Newenergy.in-en.com, <a href=\"http:\/\/newenergy.in-en.com\/html\/newenergy-2330766.shtml\">\u98ce\u7535\u5165\u9009\u56fd\u5bb6\u9f13\u52b1\u5916\u5546\u6295\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e1a\u76ee\u5f55<\/a>, February 21, 2019.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\"><sup>[28]<\/sup><\/a> China Electricity Council, <a href=\"www.cec.org.cn\/xinwenpingxi\/2019-04-04\/190061.html\">\u5916\u8d44\u9996\u5ea6\u53c2\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6d77\u4e0a\u98ce\u7535\u9879\u76ee<\/a>, April 2019.<\/span><\/span><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\"><sup>[29]<\/sup><\/a> World Economic Forum, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2017\/06\/china-clean-green-buildings-future\/\">China&rsquo;s Clean, Green Buildings of the Future<\/a>, June 21, 2017.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\"><sup>[30]<\/sup><\/a> World Economic Forum, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2017\/06\/china-clean-green-buildings-future\/\">China&rsquo;s Clean, Green Buildings of the Future<\/a>, June 21, 2017.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\"><sup>[31]<\/sup><\/a> Sohu News, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.sohu.com\/a\/138344956_386244\">\u4f4f\u5efa\u90e8\uff1a2020\u5e74\u5efa\u7b51\u603b\u4ea7\u503c\u5c06\u7a81\u783425\u4e07\u4ebf!<\/a>, May 5, 2017.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\"><sup>[32]<\/sup><\/a> World Green Building Council, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.worldgbc.org\/what-green-building\">What is Green Building?<\/a><br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\"><sup>[33]<\/sup><\/a> World Economic Forum, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2017\/06\/china-clean-green-buildings-future\/\">China&rsquo;s Clean, Green Buildings of the Future<\/a>, June 21, 2017.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\"><sup>[34]<\/sup><\/a> World Economic Forum, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2017\/06\/china-clean-green-buildings-future\/\">China&rsquo;s Clean, Green Buildings of the Future<\/a>, June 21, 2017.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\"><sup>[35]<\/sup><\/a> Asia Pacific Foundation of Canada, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.asiapacific.ca\/blog\/chinas-clean-tech-commitment\">China\u2019s Clean Tech Commitment<\/a>, May 29, 2018.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\"><sup>[36]<\/sup><\/a> Dodge Data &amp; Analytics, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.worldgbc.org\/sites\/default\/files\/World%20Green%20Building%20Trends%202018%20SMR%20FINAL%2010-11.pdf\">World Green Building Trends 2018<\/a>, p. 48.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\"><sup>[37]<\/sup><\/a> World Economic Forum, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.weforum.org\/agenda\/2017\/06\/china-clean-green-buildings-future\/\">China&rsquo;s Clean, Green Buildings of the Future<\/a>, June 21, 2017.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\"><sup>[38]<\/sup><\/a> www.gov.cn, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gov.cn\/xinwen\/2019-06\/30\/5404701\/files\/9d2dde75fa054d249dfa16267af42277.pdf\">Draft List of Encouraged Industries for Foreign Investment<\/a>, June 30, 2019, p. 21.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\"><sup>[39]<\/sup><\/a> Investing News Network, <a href=\"https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/precious-metals-investing\/silver-investing\/china-mining-investing\/\">China\u2019s Mining Industry: An Open Opportunity for Investors<\/a>, March 1, 2018.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\"><sup>[40]<\/sup><\/a> Investing News Network, <a href=\"https:\/\/investingnews.com\/daily\/resource-investing\/precious-metals-investing\/silver-investing\/china-mining-investing\/\">China\u2019s Mining Industry: An Open Opportunity for Investors<\/a>, March 1, 2018,<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\"><sup>[41]<\/sup><\/a> The European Union Chamber of Commerce in China, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.europeanchamber.com.cn\/en\/publications-business-confidence-survey\">European Business in China: Business Confidence Survey 2019<\/a>, p. 18.<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\"><sup>[42]<\/sup><\/a> USCBC, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.uschina.org\/revised-environmental-protection-law-has-teeth-will-it-bite\">The Revised Environmental Protection Law has Teeth, but will it Bite?<\/a>, April 30, 2015.<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n[\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb1_4&Prime; custom_padding__hover=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section bb_built=\u00a0\u00bb1&Prime; fullwidth=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb specialty=\u00a0\u00bboff\u00a0\u00bb prev_background_color=\u00a0\u00bbrgba(255,255,255,0.12)\u00a0\u00bb inner_width=\u00a0\u00bbauto\u00a0\u00bb inner_max_width=\u00a0\u00bbnone\u00a0\u00bb disabled_on=\u00a0\u00bbon|on|on\u00a0\u00bb disabled=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_row][et_pb_column type=\u00a0\u00bb4_4&Prime; custom_padding__hover=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb custom_padding=\u00a0\u00bb|||\u00a0\u00bb][et_pb_post_nav admin_label=\u00a0\u00bbPast Event Navigation\u00a0\u00bb _builder_version=\u00a0\u00bb3.0.105&Prime; prev_text=\u00a0\u00bbPrevious Past Event\u00a0\u00bb next_text=\u00a0\u00bbNext Past Event\u00a0\u00bb in_same_term=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb show_prev=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb show_next=\u00a0\u00bbon\u00a0\u00bb \/][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This report looks into two Chinese environmental laws introduced in recent years \u2013 the Revised Environmental Protection Law and Environmental Protection Tax Law \u2013 which have introduced a number of regulatory changes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1686,"featured_media":46620,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[244],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-46576","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ccbc-policy-reports"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccbc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46576","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccbc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccbc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccbc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1686"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccbc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=46576"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/ccbc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46576\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":46641,"href":"https:\/\/ccbc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/46576\/revisions\/46641"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccbc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/46620"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ccbc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=46576"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccbc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=46576"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ccbc.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=46576"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}